Cross Layer Based Energy Aware Routing and Congestion Control Algorithm in MANET

In a Mobile Ad hoc Network, the mobility of a node is unpredictable. The mobility is considered as one of the characteristics of a wireless network. In addition, the energy limit of the nodes must also be taken into consideration when designing routing protocols. This is an essential issue since energy consumption reduces the wireless network connection lifetime. In mobile link packet are often more significant than congestion losses. Congestion avoidance results in a very low utilization of the link when there is an appreciable rate of losses due to link errors. This issue is very significant for wireless links. In this paper to overcome network performance problems, a cross layer design which helps in allotment the information while the layers separation at the design level is still maintained is proposed. This minimizes data retransmissions and losses by analyzing and reacting appropriately to different events occurring at lower layers. This not only helps to sustain the communication with the lowest chance of interruption, but also prolongs the network lifetime due to the lowest possible consumption of energy for a given communication. This article also evaluates the performance of different adhoc routing protocols such as DSDV, AODV, DSR, TORA and AOMDV in terms of energy efficiency and it also proposes a new routing algorithm that modifies AOMDV and it provides better performance compared to all the above protocols.